Graduation Date

Spring 2026

Document Type

Thesis

Program

Master of Science degree with a major in Natural Resources, option Forestry, Watershed, & Wildland Sciences

Committee Chair Name

Lucy Kerhoulas

Committee Chair Affiliation

Cal Poly Humboldt Faculty or Staff

Second Committee Member Name

Rosemary Sherriff

Second Committee Member Affiliation

Cal Poly Humboldt Faculty or Staff

Third Committee Member Name

Erik Jules

Keywords

Glacier, Succession, Climate change, Refugium, Trinity Alps, Klamath Mountains

Subject Categories

Botany

Abstract

The recent extinction of the Salmon Glacier in the Trinity Alps, California, provides a rare opportunity to examine post-glacial succession in a region of high endemism experiencing climatic stress. Using a chronosequence spanning ~150 years since deglaciation, I investigated (1) vegetation successional trajectories in the foreland, (2) whether the foreland functions as a climate refugium for alpine specialists, and (3) whether facilitative interactions between the dominant vascular plant (DVP) and bryophytes occur and persist through succession. I surveyed 100 plots across 11 transects within the foreland and 40 randomized plots in adjacent ecosystems. Successional patterns and refugial potential were analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models and multivariate approaches, and spatial interactions were assessed along two transects.

Species richness, growth-form diversity, and compositional turnover relative to the oldest communities increased with distance from the 2014 glacier margin (> 95% posterior probability). The proportion of alpine species declined with community age (> 95% posterior probability), suggesting that the foreland acts as a modest, ephemeral refugium. Plant community composition differed significantly among alpine, moraine, and foreland habitats (p < 0.0001), with the foreland supporting a distinct assemblage. Several rare alpine endemics remained absent after ~150 years of potential establishment. Spatial associations between bryophytes and the DVP indicated potential facilitation, though no consistent successional trend was detected. Overall, the Salmon Glacier foreland follows typical post-glacial successional patterns and appears to function as a transient rather than persistent refugium for alpine specialists under ongoing environmental change.

Citation Style

CSE (Northwest Scientific)

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