Graduation Date

Spring 2025

Document Type

Thesis

Program

Master of Science degree with a major in Kinesiology

Committee Chair Name

Rock Braithwaite

Committee Chair Affiliation

Cal Poly Humboldt Faculty or Staff

Second Committee Member Name

Taylor Bloedon

Second Committee Member Affiliation

Cal Poly Humboldt Faculty or Staff

Third Committee Member Name

Whitney Ogle

Third Committee Member Affiliation

Cal Poly Humboldt Faculty or Staff

Keywords

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Plant-based diets, Erythrocyte function, Oxidative stress, Vascular inflammation, Insulin resistance, Glycation, Atherosclerosis, Antioxidants, Lipotoxicity, Glucotoxicity, Endothelial dysfunction, Redox balance, Nutritional therapy, Dietary intervention

Subject Categories

Kinesiology

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with diverse etiological contributors, characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of vascular complications. While much research has focused on plasma and serum markers of metabolic dysfunction, the role of erythrocytes in diabetic pathophysiology remains underexplored. This review examines the impact of dietary macronutrient composition, particularly plant-based diets, on erythrocyte function, oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation in T2DM. Red blood cells (RBCs) are not only oxygen carriers but also dynamic regulators of immune and inflammatory responses, with structural and functional alterations playing a critical role in diabetic angiopathy. The review discusses the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased free radicals contribute to RBC deformability, permeability, and aggregation, ultimately exacerbating atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, it evaluates current literature on the influence of plant-based diets in mitigating these effects by reducing oxidative stress, improving lipid and glucose homeostasis, and enhancing vascular health. The findings suggest that plant-based dietary interventions may offer protective effects against RBC dysfunction and vascular inflammation, providing a potential avenue for managing diabetes-related complications.

Comments

No conflicts of interest

Citation Style

APA

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